Effects of different protocols of defocused high-power laser on the viability and migration of myoblasts-a comparative in vitro study.

The aim of the present study was to analyze for the first time the effect of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) using defocused high-power laser (DHPL) in myoblast cell line C2C12 viability and migration and compare them with low-power laser therapy. Cells were divided into 9 groups: Sham irradiation 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS); Sham irradiation 5%FBS; low-power laser 0.1 W; DHPL 810 1 W; DHPL 810 2 W; DHPL 980 1 W; DHPL 980 2 W; DHPL dual 1 W; DHPL dual 2 W. To simulate stress conditions, all groups exposed to irradiation were maintained in DMEM 5% FBS. The impact of therapies on cell viability was assessed through sulforhodamine B assay and on cells migration through scratch assays and time-lapse. Myoblast viability was not modified by PBMT protocols. All PBMT protocols were able to accelerate the scratch closure after 6 and 18 h of the first irradiation (p < 0.001). Also, an increase in migration speed, with a more pronounced effect of DHPL laser using dual-wavelength protocol with 2 W was observed (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the diverse PBMT protocols used in this study accelerated the C2C12 myoblasts migration, with 2-W dual-wavelength outstanding as the most effective protocol tested. Benefits from treating muscle injuries with PBMT appear to be related to its capacity to induce cell migration without notable impact on cell viability.

Defocused high-power diode laser accelerates skin repair in a murine model through REDOX state modulation and reepithelization and collagen deposition stimulation.

Skin wounds represent a burden in healthcare. Our aim was to investigate for the first time the effects of defocused high-power diode laser (DHPL) on skin healing in an animal experimental model and compare it with gold standard low-level laser therapy. Male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: Negative control; Sham; 0.1 W laser (L0.1 W); DHPL Dual 1 W (DHPLD1 W); and DHPL Dual 2 W (DHPLD2 W). Rats were euthanized on days 3, 5, 10, 14 and 21. Clinical, morphological, PicroSirus, oxidative stress (MDA, SOD and GSH) and cytokines (IL-1ß, IL-10 and TNF-α) analyses were performed. A faster clinical repair was observed in all laser groups at D10 and D14. DHPLD1 W exhibited lower inflammation and better reepithelization compared to other groups at D10. DHPL protocols modulated oxidative stress by decreasing MDA and increasing SOD and GSH. Collagen maturation was triggered by all protocols tested and L0.1 W modulated cytokines release (IL-1ß and TNF-α) at D3. In conclusion, DHPL, especially DHPL1 W protocol, accelerated skin healing by triggering reepithelization and collagen maturation and modulating inflammation and oxidative stress.

Correction to: Treatment modalities for burning mouth syndrome: a systematic review.

The original version of this article contained two mistakes. First, in the subchapter "Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA)" page 1895, reference 4 is cited three times, however reference 42 is the correct one.

Treatment modalities for burning mouth syndrome: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVES: In the burning mouth syndrome (BMS), patients experience a burning sensation in the oral cavity with no associated injury or clinical manifestation. The etiology of this condition is still poorly understood, and therefore, treatment is challenging. The aim of this study is to perform a systematic review of treatment possibilities described in the literature for BMS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: PubMed, Embase, and SciELO databases were searched for randomized clinical trials published between 1996 and 2016. RESULTS: Following application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 29 papers were analyzed and divided into five subcategories according to the type of treatment described: antidepressants, alpha-lipoic acid, phytotherapeutic agents, analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents, and non-pharmacological therapies. In each category, the results found were compared with regard to the methodology employed, sample size, assessment method, presence or absence of adverse effects, and treatment outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: The analysis revealed that the use of antidepressants and alpha-lipoic acid has been showing promising results; however, more studies are necessary before we can have a first-line treatment strategy for patients with BMS. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: To review systematically the literature about Burning Mouth Syndrome treatment may aid the clinicians to choose the treatment modality to improve patients symptoms based on the best evidence.

Um levantamento feito com questionários sobre o uso, as indicações e o grau de osteonecrose associada aos bisfosfonatos na cidade de Porto Alegre – Brasil / A questionnaire survey on the knowledge regarding bisphosphonates and implant dentistry: indications, uses, and jaw-associated osteonecrosis at Porto Alegre – Brazil

Objetivos: este levantamento avaliou o conhecimento dos implantodontistas de Porto Alegre (Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil) sobre a interação dos bisfosfonatos com a osteonecrose dos maxilares (Bronj), sua incidência e as modalidades de tratamento utilizadas. Material e métodos: um questionário com 15 perguntas foi respondido pelos profissionais entre julho e setembro de 2012. Um total de 84 participantes (60 homens e 24 mulheres, com idade entre 31 e 40 anos, e exercendo a especialidade entre um e cinco anos após a conclusão do curso) forneceu respostas. Resultados: 1) Sobre bisfosfonatos, 75% relataram já ter contato com o assunto pre­viamente à especialização, além do tema ter sido abordado no curso; 2) A maioria relatou questionar seus pacientes sobre o uso dos bisfosfonatos e via de administração (intraoral ou endovenosa): 88,1%. Quando o paciente utilizava a medicação, a conduta era buscar orientações com o médico assistente (57,1%), solicitar exames complementares (16,7%), não realizar a cirurgia (25%), ou suspender a medicação (1,2%); 3) Em relação ao exame CTX, os especialistas relataram conhecê-lo (83,3%) e solicitá-lo (63,1%); 4) Os profissionais (38,1%) com casos de Bronj no consultório os associaram aos bisfosfonatos de uso oral e não endovenoso (117 casos contra 29 casos); 5) Os tratamentos mais utilizados para a Bronj foram o debridamento cirúrgico (51,2%), ressecção com reconstrução ou ob­turador (29,8%) e enxágue com antimicrobianos (2,4%). Conclusão: dentro dos limites deste estudo, o grau de consciência dos profissionais sobre a prevenção, indicação de tratamento e encaminhamento médico de pacientes com Bronj feito pelos implantodontistas entrevistados é significativo

Objectives: this survey evaluated the knowledge of implant dentistry professionals of Porto Alegre (Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil) on the relationship between bisphosphonates and jaw osteonecrosis (Bronj), its incidence, and associated treatment modalities. Material and methods: a questionnaire with 15 items was sent to colleagues between July-September 2012. Eighty-four participants (60 men, 24 women) provided answers, with most between 31 to 40 years-old and one and five years of practice after the Specialist course´s conclusion. Results: 1) Regarding bisphosphonates, 75% reported previous contact with and that this issue was addres­sed in the Specialization course; 2) Most of them reported to ask patients about bisphosphonates and administration modes (intra-oral or intravenous) (88.1%). Also, the clinical decision process for patients under medication was to ask a physician (57.1%), to request complimentary exams (16.7%), no surgeries (25%), or to recommend avoiding bisphosphonates (1.2%); 3) About CTX examining, most specialists said to recognize (83.3%) and request it (63.1%); 4) From professionals (38.1%) with Bronj cases, those were associated to intra-oral and not to intravenous administrations (117 against 29); 5) The most used treatments for Bronj were surgical debridement (51.2%), resection and recons­truction with an obturator (29.8%), and rinsing with antimicrobial agents (2.4%). Conclusion: within the limits of this study, the level of awareness on prevention, indications for treatment, and referral to a physician of Bronj patients by surveyed implant dentistry professionals is significant